By Destiny Uko
Dandruff is a common scalp condition that results in the shedding of white flakes of dead skin. You may notice these flakes on your clothing or when you comb your hair.
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, up to 50% of the global population experiences dandruff at some point in their lives. While it can affect people of all ages, it is most prevalent among adolescents and young adults.
What causes Dandruff?
Dry skin: When the scalp becomes too dry–often due to dry weather or over-washing–it can start shedding tiny, white flakes. These flakes are typically smaller and less oily than those caused by other factors and may be accompanied by itchiness.
Hair product allergies: Not all hair products are suitable for every scalp type. Some shampoos, conditioners or hair creams may cause irritation or allergic reactions, leading to dandruff-like symptoms.
Fungal infection:
A naturally occurring fungus called malassezia, which thrives in oily areas like the scalp can overgrow and disrupt the natural balance of the skin.
Hormonal changes:
Hormonal fluctuations–such as those experienced during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy or certain mediacal condition–can increase oil production in the scalp, fostering the growth of Malassezia. This excess oil can irritate the scalp and lead to inflammation and flaking, leading to dandruff.
- Genetics: Some people may be genetically predisposed to dandruff, inheriting traits that make their scalp more sensitive and prone to dryness.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to dust, pollution or high humidity can irritate the scalp and trigger dandruff.
- Poor hair hygiene: Infrequent washing can cause oil, sweat and dead skin cells to accumulate on the scalp, breeding dandruff-causing fungi.
How Can l prevent dandruff?
Choose your hair products carefully: Choose shampoos, hair creams, conditioners, etc., that are gentle and suitable for your scalp type. Know that not every hair product works for your hair. Read labels and take note of ingredients
Maintain good hair hygiene: Wash your hair regularly using a mild or medicated shampoo, especially before styling and braiding. This helps to keep the scalp clean and oil-free.
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water daily to help prevent dryness of the skin and scalp. to eliminate dryness and keep your skin and scalp moist and healthy.
Avoid harsh chemicals: Do not use toxic chemicals on your hair in a bid to be fashionable. Minimise or completely refrain from using harsh chemicals or dyes on your hair.
Now that I have dandruff, how can I treat it?
Antifungal treatments: If your dandruff is caused by a fungal infection, you should visit a dermatologist for treatment. Use antifungal shampoo and conditioner for washing your hair
Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil has strong antifungal and antibacterial properties. Adding some of it into your regular shampoo or using a product containing it helps fight dandruff-causing fungi and reduce the risk of dandruff.
Apple Cider Vinegar:
This balances the scalp’s pH, making it harder for yeast to grow. Mix equal parts of ACV and water in equal measure, apply to the scalp for 15 minutes, then rinse. Use this 1–2 times weekly for best results.
Coconut Oil
Coconut oil keeps the scalp moist and has antifungal components. Massage a few tablespoons into your scalp, leave it for a few hours (or overnight), then wash. This helps reduce dryness and fungal growth.
Aloe Vera
Aloe vera eases scalp irritation. Apply aloe vera gel directly to the scalp for 30 minutes to 1 hour before rinsing. Do this often for greater effect.
Salicylic Acid
Found in some dandruff shampoos, salicylic acid helps to shed dead skin cells and clear hair follicles.
Lemon Juice
The acidity of lemon helps restore scalp pH (potential of hydrogen) and prevents fungal growth. Apply fresh lemon juice to your scalp, leave for 5–10 minutes, then rinse. Avoid use on broken skin to prevent stinging.
Seek professional help: For persistent or severe conditions, consult a dermatologist to rule out other scalp conditions like psoriasis.
Conclusion
Dandruff is a manageable condition when properly understood. By identifying factors like dry skin, fungal infections, and product sensitivity that contribute to dandruff and taking necessary action against the causes, you can regain a healthy, flake-free scalp.
Dandruff is a prevalent scalp condition marked by the shedding of white skin flakes. Affecting up to 50% of the global population, it is most common among adolescents and young adults. Causes include dry skin, hair product allergies, fungal infections, hormonal changes, genetics, environmental factors, and poor hair hygiene. Prevention involves choosing appropriate hair products, maintaining good hair hygiene, staying hydrated, and avoiding harsh chemicals.
Treatments for dandruff vary based on its cause. Antifungal treatments, including special shampoos, are effective for fungal infections. Tea tree oil, apple cider vinegar, coconut oil, aloe vera, and salicylic acid are natural remedies that help manage symptoms and restore scalp health. Persistent or severe dandruff cases should be assessed by a dermatologist to exclude other conditions like psoriasis. Understanding and addressing the underlying factors can lead to a healthy, flake-free scalp.
