By Agbai Sharonjoyce
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in the muscular wall of the uterus (womb). While they are rarely life-threatening, they remain an acute concern for many Nigerian women.
Studies across various Nigerian hospitals have revealed a high prevalence of fibroids. In Plateau and Port Harcourt, for instance, the rates among women of reproductive age are 28.33% and 27.8%, respectively—meaning roughly one in four women in these population are affected
This high incidence can be chalked up to several factors, including age and race. Fibroids are mostly reported in women between 31 and 40.
Compared with other races, women of African origin are at a higher risk, as are women who have never given birth.
Lifestyle factors like obesity, high intake of red meat and low consumption of fruits and vegetables have been linked to increased risk.
Symptoms
Fibroids often go unnoticed because most women are asymptomatic (they do not show symptoms), or they mistake symptoms for normal menstrual issues, leading to late diagnosis.
A study conducted in southwestern Nigeria showed that women typically delay seeking care for about 5 years after symptoms begin.
Fibroid symptoms vary according to the type and location of the growths. Still common symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding (Menorrhagia), abdominal swelling, pelvic discomfort and painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea).
They are also highly associated with infertility and recurrent miscarriages.
Managing fibroids
Early detection and diagnosis improves the outcome for women with fibroids. An ultrasound is usually the first and safest method to detect fibroids; when more clarity is needed, doctors may use a transvaginal scan or sonohysterography.
Generally, treatment depends on the symptoms, size and location of the fibroid. For mild symptoms, regular monitoring may be sufficient.
Hormonal treatments can help manage bleeding and pains for moderate symptoms.
In severe symptoms or fertility issues, surgery is recommended. Myomectomy is a surgical procedure where fibroids are removed, but the uterus is kept for women who still desire to have children. By contrast, both the fibroids and uterus are removed in a hysterectomy, a procedure recommended to women who are done with childbearing.
Despite the various treatment options, most Nigerian women struggle to access them because of prohibitive cost, limited specialist care (particularly in rural areas) and cultural stigma around certain gynaecology issues. These barriers typically result in large and multiple fibroids among most women.
Procedures like myomectomy are associated with blood loss, fever and anaemia, highlighting the need for early intervention and care.
The way forward
These growths are the most common type of non-cancerous tumour in the female reproductive system. It primarily affects women before they get to menopause. Recognising the signs early is vital because delayed diagnosis can harm reproductive health and overall quality of life.
Public-health efforts are increasingly focusing on awareness, early screening and improving access to diagnostic technologies.
With timely detection and appropriate treatments, fibroids can be better managed.
Summary not available at this time.
